C-119 Crash Outside Huntingdon, Tennessee
February 26, 1954




It was a warm winter day in West Tennessee, with temperatures in the 50s and winds of about 8-10 MPH out of the south. Some people were working outside; Mr. Homer Demoss, who lived a few blocks west of the Carroll County Courthouse, was working in his garden with a team of mules. T.W. Woods, a US Naval Aviation veteran who had served as an aerial engineer, was working in a field just west of town about 200 yards to the left (facing toward town) of the bridge on US 70 over Beaver Creek, a tributary of West Tennessee's South Fork of the Obion River. Ernest Smith, an Army Air Forces veteran who had become an aerial gunner on B-17s and B-24s after washing out of pilot training, was about 1/2 block from the northwest corner of the courthouse, along with Maurice Bunn, standing on a ladder in the back of his truck. Royal Crider, a bombardier in the Air Force Reserve in Memphis who had also washed out of pilot training, was working in the Post Office just south of the Courthouse on Court Square. William West, an Air Force Reserve navigator, was standing back of the funeral home about two blocks east of the courthouse where Huntingdon Mayor Robert Murray was trying a case. Huntingdon police chief George Hobbs was west of town on US 70 headed back toward town. Other witnesses were at various points around the vicinity of the courthouse. I myself was about twenty miles away at Lavinia Elementary School in the southwest corner of the county no doubt waiting impatiently for the bell to ring. I was a third grade student and had just turned eight the previous November. Other kids all over the county were in their own schools gathering up their things to get ready to board the bus when the school bell rang in a few minutes. It was Friday afternoon and everyone was looking forward to two days of no school. No one had any inkling of the horrible tragedy that was about to take place in the skies over Huntingdon.

Earlier that day US Air Force 1st Lieutenant Jack Jenkins and his crew, all of whom were new to the Air Force and to flying, took off from their base at Lawson Air Force Base adjacent to Ft. Benning, Georgia on what was supposed to be a local training flight. Lt. Jenkins' orders were to spend an hour practicing maximum performance landings there at Lawson, then to proceed to Brookley Air Force Base at Montgomery, Alabama to fly ten practice ground controlled radar approaches (GCA). Upon their completion he was to proceed to Columbus, Georgia airport and practice Variable Omni Range (VOR) approaches to finish up the six hour training flight. Lt. Jenkins never accomplished any of the assigned tasks - instead, he took his crew in their nearly brand new C-119G - the airplane only had 110 hours on it - and proceeded northwest to his hometown of Huntingdon, Tennessee to buzz the town. It turned out that he had done the same thing two weeks before, on February 9.

Lt. Jenkins had grown up around Huntingdon and had graduated from Huntingdon High School, probably in 1946 or 47 since he is reported to have graduated from Bethel College, a Presbyterian school in nearby McKenzie, a town just north of Huntingdon, in 1951. While he was in college the Korean War broke out and Jack Jenkins joined the Air Force. He applied for pilot training, which he completed on June 21, 1952 and was rated as a US Air Force pilot and commissioned as an officer. He was assigned to the 314th Troop Carrier Group at Ashiya, Japan where he spent the next year flying as a copilot on C-119 Flying Boxcar transports on missions into and over Korea. Upon completion of his overseas tour, he returned to the United States and was assigned to the 777th Troop Carrier Squadron, one of three squadrons of the 464th Troop Carrier Wing at Lawson Field. The 464th had been a bomber group during World War II flying B-24 Liberators from its base in Italy. The unit deactivated after the war then reactivated at Lawson Field as a troop carrier group in February, 1953. Lt. Jenkins joined the 777th in August. Although he was an experienced pilot, he had less than the required 1,000 hours for assignment as an aircraft commander. Upon reaching that milestone, he was upgraded and assigned as a first pilot, or aircraft commander, on the C-119 in January, 1954.

On the day of the crash, Lt. Jenkins was flying with an inexperienced crew. His copilot only had a little over 400 hours, of which only about 50 was in the C-119. The flight engineer was equally inexperienced, with only a little over 50 logged hours. The second engineer was brand new to flying status. Lt. Jenkins himself had logged 1188 hours. All four of the crewmembers were in their early to mid twenties - Lt. Jenkins was 24. During the subsequent investigation Lt. Jenkins was identified as an exceptional pilot with sound judgement - and had shown no indications that he would do what he did that tragic day.  (He had made a similar flight two weeks before but his crew hadn't reported it to anyone. In those days there was no air traffic control system as there is today and no way of tracking an aircraft's flight. He was flying with a different set of crewmembers on the fateful day.) The events of that day can only be explained by youthful exuberance and the desire to make an impression on the folks back home. He did, but not in the manner he had expected.



The above diagram depicts the sequence of events as reported in the statements of the witnessess - the yellow line depicts the airplane's approximate path, although it may have actually been a bit more to the south. The red lines and points sequenced A to G represent an arc 1,750 feet from the court house, the distance the airplane covered after it started coming apart until it impacted the ground. Lt. Jenkins approached Court Square from the south and passed over it at an altitude estimated to be 100-200'. (One witness puts his path a block or two to the east, but its not supported by other witnesses.) After passing over the courthouse, he began a "tight" right hand 270-degree turn which brought him back toward the courthouse on a generally westerly heading. One witness reported that he was travelling from Northeast to Southwest. It is difficult to pinpoint exactly where the fuselage came over the courthouse. The wing span of a C-119 is 109 feet and the courthouse is 110 feet long (south to north.) Each witness saw the events from a different angle. One, a post office worker, said the fuselage was over the street between the post office and the courthouse. As he approached the courthouse - the airplane evidently came over the bank on the opposite side of the street - he began a steep climbing turn to the right, but as soon as he did so, both wings failed. A tearing of metal sound was heard by witnesses, followed by a "whoosing" sound as fuel streamed out of the right wing and caught fire, probably from contact with the engine exhaust. It is believed that Lt. Jenkins applied full power as he started the pullup and that the engines continued to run at full power all the way to the impact point west of town. After the wings failed, pieces of the airplane kept falling off along a path 1,200' long and 600' wide - the final accident report says the stream of debris was 1,700' long. The right wing failed in three places and the first pieces were found on top of the courthouse. Other pieces were found on the courthouse lawn and in the street. Some pieces were just north of Main Street/US 70. The horizontal stabilizer fell into the street 400 feet west of the courthouse lawn and landed on top of two trucks. The left boom fell off and came to rest 700 feet from the courthouse. The outer section of the left wing, which failed and folded backyard along the left boom shortly after it failed, was found 1,000 feet to the west. (Some local people, including school children who passed through on busses, believed they saw blood scattered all over this area. Since the crewmembers died on impact 700' further to the southwest, they most likely saw hydraulic fluid which streamed out when the left wing and boom seperated. The Air Force used Mil 5606 hydraulic fliud, which is bright red in color. There was a general state of hysteria and confusion in Huntingdon after the crash, and except for a few men with military aviation experience, few people realized what they were seeing.)  One witness stated that when the boom came off, the airplane "shunted," meaning it changed direction, and the boom "slipped off to the left." Burning fuel fell on the garden where Mr. Homer DeMoss and a hired hand were working and they were burned so badly they had to be hospitalized. A team of mules was plowing in his garden when the flaming liquid fell on them. They had to be destroyed. Both wings, the horizontal stabilizer and the left boom had come off of the airplane, but the fuselage and cockpit remained intact along with the right boom until the airplane impacted in a field 1,750' from where it began coming apart. The entire sequence of events occured in just a few seconds. The USAF investigators believed the failing airplane inscribed a parabolic, an arc, meaning that it was gaining altitude for about the first 1/2 of the flight, then started losing it, as it made its fiery journey to where it came to earth. However, T.W. Wood, who was closest to the impact point, reported that it maintained about the same altitude until it was about 100 yards from where it finally struck the ground. The airplane was diving at about a 60-degree angle at the time of impact and both engines were running.








The above diagram shows the impact point at 110 feet from Beaver Creek, which runs in a northwesterly direction just to the west of Huntingdon. After impact, the wreckage continued in a southwesterly direction. Three bodies were found at a point 43' from the point of initial impact and the fourth was in the ditch. The main wreckage rolled into a drainage ditch - the accident report relates that it was "nearly demolished." Parts of the airplane, including the bottom and sides of the cargo compartment, came to rest about 100 feet from the drainate ditch and 51 feet from where the right boom and part of the right wing came to rest. The left landing gear came to rest 240 feet from the center of the ditch.

The above aerial photo shows the wreckage along the drainage ditch. The lines in the photograph are probably the remnants of corn rows.
The above photo is of the impact point looking in a westerly direction. Note the hill to the left. There are two hills to the west of Huntingdon. One is about a mile to the southwest of the impact point is well over 100' higher than the prevailing terrain; the other is about the same distance west and is not quite as high. The second hill is most likely the one shown in the photo.




The above photograph is of the area as it is today (April, 2008.) The large building on the left is Walmart. Point A is the most logical place for the impact point to have been - and is where I have always remembered it as being. The only place north of US 70 where it could possibly have been would have been at Point D, but if the airplane impacted there, some of the wreckage would have been in US 70 and the debris field would have been strewn across it. T.W. Wood was working in the field left of the bridge (North) at approximately 200 yards from it (600') as reported in his statement. He saw the airplane from the time it started coming apart over the courthouse until it crashed, but makes no mention of the crash site being close to his immediate area. A plot of the position using a line 110' from Beaver Creek and 1,750 feet from the courthouse places the impact point at this position. (Plotting a position on a map is very simple - draw a parallel line a specified distance from a known reference line, in this case 110' from the creek, then construct an arc using the known distance from another known reference point, in this case 1,750' from the courthouse, and where the two lines intersect is the point you're looking for - the impact point of the remainder of the C-119.) The plot does not allow an impact point north of US 70 at all; the intersection point is in the vicinity of Point A as shown on the map.





The above picture is of the plot of the crash site, using information from the accident report. The biege line represents a line running parallel to Beaver Creer. The blue vectors represent 1,750 feet from the courthouse, with the red line from the courthouse to the biege line intersecting with the parallel line. The crash site has to be at or near this point. The orange line is a direct line from US 70 to the crash point, a distance of just over 500 feet. This plot was made using a closer view of the crash site to make the measurements from the creek bed.

The accident and the sight of the wreckage when I went up there the next day with my family made an impression on me that has been with me for all of my life. Every time I passed by the area on the way into Huntingdon I thought about it. As it turns out, nine years later I became a member of the 464th Troop Carrier Wing, the unit to which Lt. Jenkins and his crew were assigned. I was not aware of this, however, until I found some information on the Internet. I had always thought the airplane was from Sewart AFB near Nashville. I also had thought that the accident was caused by a stall, but it turns out it was actually caused by structural failure. He was reportedly going around 250 MPH when he came over the courthouse on his last pass, far in excess of the maximum manuevering speed (Va) at which a pilot can safely execute an abrupt maneuver. It was a real tragedy, and it didn't have to happen.

Published September 23, 2011
Updated February 20, 2012