Undoubtedly the most popular of the PACAF C-130 missions was
the "Bangkok Shuttle," the 315th Air Division C-130 logistical mission in
Thailand. Even though the ground portion of the Vietnam War was fought
exclusively in South Vietnam, nearby Thailand was home for thousands of American
servicemen, mostly airmen of the United States Air Force whose mission was to
support the air war against North Vietnam.
When the Johnson
Administration began the Rolling Thunder campaign against North Vietnam,
several tactical fighter and reconnaissance wings moved into bases at Taklhi,
Udorn, Ubon and Korat, Thailand. Taklhi and Korat where home to F-105 fighter
wings whose primary mission was bombing targets in North Vietnam. Udorn was the
home of a tactical reconnaissance wing while Ubon was the base for the MiG
killers of the 8th Tac Fighter Wing. Nakonphanom, more commonly known as NKP,
was the home of special operations forces and the Jolly Green HH-3 rescue
helicopters. Though the generally - but not completely - peaceful conditions in
Thailand allowed the delivery of supplies to the upcountry bases by truck,
airlift was needed to move urgently needed items such as aircraft parts,
perishable foodstuffs and mail as well as passengers.
During the first
years of the Vietnam War, airlift needs in Thailand were met by USAF C-123s and
US Army CV-2 Caribous, but the increasing American presence in the country soon
dictated a need for the larger, faster C-130s. In the fall of 1965 C-130s from
the 779th Troop Carrier Squadron at Pope AFB, North Carolina, who were TDY to
Mactan Island in the Philippines, began the C-130 mission. Four C-130Es were
placed at Bangkok's Don Muang Airport for airlift operations in Thailand. I was
not one of the first crews to fly in Thailand, but it was not long after the
mission began that I spent my first two weeks on the Bangkok
Shuttle.
Flying in Thailand was not as urgent or as hectic as in Vietnam,
and the living conditions were greatly improved. While C-130 crews in Vietnam
lived whereever they could find a bunk, 315th Air Divison contracted with the
Federal Hotel for rooms for the C-130 crews. In the fall of 1965 when I was
there, the Federal was also home to several dislocated American families from
the diplomatic and military missions in Dacca, West Pakistan, who had been
evacuated out of the city because of fighting between Pakistan and India. That
there were several teenage American girls in the hotel made life interesting for
the younger enlisted men - such as myself!
Flying in Thailand consisted
of a single scheduled passenger mission that left Bangkok in the morning and hit
all five of the up-country bases as well as several daily cargo flights. The
passenger mission ran a circuit one day that started at Taklhi and ended up at
Korat, then was reversed the following day. That routine was followed pretty
much through at least the first 2-3 year of US operations in the area. Rations,
especially perishables such as fruits and vegetables, were a major commodity on
the cargo flights. One mission was primarily for that sole purpose. All of the
cargo missions originated out of Dong Muang. Mail was another item that appeared
on nearly every flight, and there were always a couple of bags of certified and
registered mail.
I got my introduction to the Shuttle in the fall of
1965, but by the time I arrived at Naha, Okinawa in early 1966, 315th was making
plans to shift the mission to the 6315th Operations Group. It was not long
before I found myself doing the same thing in the C-130A in Thailand that I had
done a few months earlier in the C-130E. The mission had not changed in the
least. Perhaps the only real difference was that the American girls had gone
back to the United States.
Bangkok was a popular place to Americans in
Southeast Asia because it was a modern city with excellent shopping and a very
active night life. The city became an R&R center for troops in Vietnam, but
the permanent party personnel in Thailand as well as the C-130 crews soon
learned to avoid the places where the R&R troops congregated. There were
many excellent restaurants in the city offering a wide variety of food, but
spice was pretty much the order of the day.
Crews in Bangkok were
scheduled so as to have a day off followed by a day of alert after a few days of
flying. Most of the missions in 1966-67 were flown in the daytime, though the
Shuttle eventually became an around-the-clock operation just as it was in South
Vietnam. All of the missions were scheduled into one of the five principal
American bases though once in awhile there would be a mission into Chaing Mai, a
city in Northern Thailand near the Chinese and Burmese borders.
Though
Thailand was officially at peace, there was an insurgency within the country,
mostly in the northern third adjacent to Laos. The American C-130s did not play
an active role in combating this insurgency, though we did carry cargo for the
Thai military personnel and American advisors who were fighting - and ultimately
defeating - the insurgents.
In 1967 a new base was constructed in
Thailand at U Tapao, a city southwest of Thailand on the Gulf of Siam. The
Bangkok Shuttle mission eventually moved there because U Tapao was closer to the
ports into which the cargo came aboard ships. By this time the Thai Airlift had
become the responsibility of the 314th TAW out of CCK.
In early 1973 the
Paris Peace Accords ended the American combat role in South Vietnam. The C-130
force that remained in Southeast Asia shifted entirely to Thailand, though crews
flew missions into Saigon and elsewhere in South Vietnam. U Tapao became a major
base for C-130 crews flying airdrop missions into Cambodia and Laos.
Deteriorating conditions in Cambodia led the United States to mount a
major airlift mission out of U Tapao delivering supplies to the besieged city of
Phnom Penh. Begun initially by USAF C-130 crews, the Cambodian Airlift was
shifted to civilian aircrews employed by BirdAir, an American company doing
contract work in Southeast Asia. The BirdAir crews were recently retired and
seperated American military personnel, as well as some who were members of
reserve components in the United States. BirdAir crews flew C-130Es provided by
the United States Air Force under a "lease" arrangement. The Cambodian Airlift
was one of the most massive airlifts ever undertaken. It far exceeded the Berlin
Airlift in terms of scope and tonnages involved, as well as
duration.
With the fall of Saigon, the C-130 role in Southeast Asia came
to a halt. For a time, C-130 crews remained at U Tapao, but eventually the
withdrawal of American troops from Southeast Asis placed Bangkok once again as a
place that was seen as a pleasant place to RON, just as it had been prior to
1965.
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